1.数据库物理备份

1.1 相关参数

备份还原两个重要参数：

BAK_PATH：DM 默认的备份路径，生产环境不要和源库数据文件放在同一磁盘上。避免磁盘损坏，数据文件和备份文件同时损坏的情况。
BAK_USE_AP：备份还原策略，默认使用 DMAP 辅助进程进行备份还原。

参数查询：

SQL> select name,type,value,sys_value,file_value,description from v$parameter t where name in ('BAK_PATH', 'BAK_USE_AP');

行号     NAME       TYPE      VALUE                      SYS_VALUE                  FILE_VALUE                
---------- ---------- --------- -------------------------- -------------------------- --------------------------
           DESCRIPTION                                                                        
           -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1          BAK_PATH   READ ONLY /dm8/dmdbms/data/ECARD/bak /dm8/dmdbms/data/ECARD/bak /dm8/dmdbms/data/ECARD/bak
           backup file path

2          BAK_USE_AP SYS       1                          1                          1
           backup use assistant plus-in, 0:use sub process; 1:use AP; 2:not use AP. default 1.

1.2 AP服务

联机备份需要开归档，AP服务需要启动。

查看AP进程：

#安装达梦数据库软件，执行root脚本创建ap自启动服务
[root@dmserver ~]# ps -ef |grep dmap|grep -v grep
dmdba     8715     1  0 11月12 ?      00:00:20 /dm8/dmdbms/bin/dmap

查看AP状态：

[dmdba@dmserver ~]$ DmAPService status
DmAPService (pid 8715) is running.

停止AP：

[dmdba@dmserver ~]$ DmAPService stop
Stopping DmAPService:                                      [ OK ]

启动AP：

[dmdba@dmserver ~]$ DmAPService start
Starting DmAPService:                                      [ OK ]

2.DM联机备份

**联机备份：**数据库是启动状态，联机备份要求数据库打开归档，备份时 AP 服务需要为启动状态。联机备份支持全库，表空间，表，归档级别的备份，备份时数据库需要开启归档模式。

联机备份的方式有两种：1、sql语句备份 2、manager工具图形化备份

2.1 sql备份数据库

2.1.1 备份数据库

查询数据库归档模式：

--没有开归档的话，要先开归档
SQL> select name,arch_mode from v$database;

行号     NAME  ARCH_MODE
---------- ----- ---------
1          ECARD Y

全量备份：

SQL> backup database; 
--to后面跟备份名称 backupset后面指定备份路径
SQL> backup database full to ONLINEBAK_01 backupset '/dm8/backup/full/ONLINEBAK_01';

增量备份：

SQL> backup database increment; 
SQL> backup database increment BASE ON BACKUPSET '/dm8/backup/full/ONLINEBAK_01' to ONLINEBAKINCR_01 backupset '/dm8/backup/incr/ONLINEBAK_01' ;
SQL> backup database increment with BACKUPDIR '/dm8/backup/full/' to ONLINEBAKINCR_02 backupset '/dm8/backup/incr/ONLINEBAK_02' ;

刚开归档后备份报错处理：

--查询ckpt_lsn:
select * from v$rlog;
--执行检查点
checkpoint(100)
--查询当前的ckpt_lsn：
select * from v$rlog;

2.1.2 备份集管理

dm的备份集是指文件夹，文件夹下面存放数据备份片和元数据（备份片信息）。

查看备份集：

select * from v$backupset;

备份集相关函数：

SQL> select name from v$ifun t where t.name like 'SF_BAKSET%';

行号     NAME                           
---------- -------------------------------
1          SF_BAKSET_BACKUP_DIR_REMOVE
2          SF_BAKSET_BACKUP_DIR_REMOVE_ALL
3          SF_BAKSET_REMOVE_BATCH
4          SF_BAKSET_BACKUP_DIR_ADD
5          SF_BAKSET_CHECK
6          SF_BAKSET_REMOVE
7          SF_BAKSET_REMOVE

添加备份集目录：

注意：添加后目录，只针对当前会话有效

--默认只读取bak_path参数中指定的路径，如果要读取自己指定的备份路径，需要添加备份集目录
SF_BAKSET_BACKUP_DIR_ADD('DISK','/dm8/backup/full/');
SF_BAKSET_BACKUP_DIR_ADD('DISK','/dm8/backup/incr/');

移除备份集目录：

SF_BAKSET_BACKUP_DIR_REMOVE('DISK','/dm8/backup/full/');

校验备份集：

select SF_BAKSET_CHECK('DISK','/dm8/backup/incr/ONLINEBAK_02');

查看各个增量备份集的基础备份集：

select t.BACKUP_NAME, t.BACKUP_PATH, LEVEL, t.type,
SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH(t.BACKUP_NAME, '/') BACKUP_BASECONNECT,
CONNECT_BY_ISLEAF ISLEAF
from (select a.BACKUP_NAME, a.BACKUP_PATH, a.BASE_NAME, a.TYPE
from V$BACKUPSET a) t
connect by t.BASE_NAME = PRIOR t.BACKUP_NAME
start with t.type = 0;

2.1.3 表空间备份

backup tablespace dmtbs;
backup tablespace dmtbs to tbsfullbak backupset '/dm8/backup/TBSBSK01'
backup tablespace dmtbs INCREMENT with BACKUPDIR '/dm8/backup/full/' to DMTBSINCR_01 backupset '/dm8/backup/incr/DMTBSINCR_01' ;

2.1.4 表和归档的备份

--表的备份，表只有全备
backup table dmhr.emp;
backup table dmhr.emp to empbak backupset '/dm8/backup/EMPBAK';
--归档备份
backup archivelog all;

2.2 manager工具图形化备份

使用manger图形化工具进行备份，后台调用disql进行备份。备份集存放的位置，默认为bak_path的值。

manager->备份->库备份、表备份、表空间备份、归档备份

3.DM脱机备份

**脱机备份：**冷备份，数据库关闭状态下的备份，可以开归档也可以不开，DMAP服务要开启（操作系统拷贝方式备份不需要）。脱机备份只支持库备份和归档备份。

**脱机备份的方式有三种：**1.操作系统拷贝、2.dmrman备份、3.console工具图形化备份

3.1 操作系统拷贝备份

1.查询数据文件

select file_name from dba_data_files;

2.关闭数据库

SQL> shudown immediate;

3.查看数据库状态

[dmdba@dmserver ~]$ DmServiceECARD status

4.创建备份目录

mkdir -p /home/dmdba/coldbak

5.使用cp命令备份数据文件

cp *.DBF /home/dmdba/coldbak

3.2 dmrman备份

dmrman备份支持全库备份和归档备份，备份时需要关闭数据库，DMAP服务开启，属于脱机备份。DMRMAN可以针对整个数据库执行脱机完全备份和增量备份，数据库可以配置归档也可以不配置。与oracle的rman不一样，oracle的支持联机和脱机备份。

3.2.1 dmrman命令使用

1.dmran启动和退出

[dmdba@dmserver ~]$ dmrman
dmrman V8
RMAN> exit
time used: 2.359(ms)

2.查看dmrman支持的命令帮助

[dmdba@dmserver ECARD]$ dmrman
dmrman V8
RMAN> help
version: 03134283904-20220630-163817-20005
格式: ./dmrman  KEYWORD=value

例程: ./dmrman  CTLFILE=/opt/dm7data/dameng/res_ctl.txt

必选参数: 

关键字              说明
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CTLFILE             指定执行语句所在的文件路径
CTLSTMT             指定待执行语句
DCR_INI             指定dmdcr.ini路径；若未指定且当前目录中dmdcr.ini存在，则使用当前目录中的dmdcr.ini。
                    可单独使用，也可与其他参数配合使用
DFS_INI             指定dmdfs.ini路径；若未指定且当前目录中dmdfs.ini存在，则使用当前目录中的dmdfs.ini。
                    可单独使用，也可与其他参数配合使用
USE_AP              指定备份、还原执行载体，1/2：DMAP/进程自身，默认是DMAP。
AP_PORT             连接AP时用的端口号。默认是4236。可单独使用，也可与其他参数配合使用
HELP                打印帮助信息

time used: 4.221(ms)
RMAN> 

2.查看dmrman配置信息

RMAN> configure;
THE DMRMAN DEFAULT SETTING:

DEFAULT DEVICE:
	MEDIA : DISK
DEFAULT TRACE :
	FILE  : 
	LEVEL : 1
DEFAULT BACKUP DIRECTORY:
	TOTAL COUNT  :0

DEFAULT ARCHIVE DIRECTORY:
	TOTAL COUNT  :0

time used: 3.507(ms)

3.configure进行dmrman参数配置

# 恢复配置的默认值
configure default device clear
# 清除所有的默认配置
configure clear;
# 配置备份集搜索目录
configure default backupdir '/home/dmdba/backup','/home/dmdba/rman_bak';
# 增加备份集搜索目录
configure default backupdir add '/home/dm_bak3';
# 删除备份集搜索目录
configure default backupdir delete '/home/dm_bak3';
# 配置归档日志搜索目录
configure default archivedir '/home/dm_arch1','/home/dm_arch2';
configure default archivedir add '/home/dm_bak3';
configure default archivedir delete '/home/dm_bak3';
# 显示文件的默认值
CONFIGURE DEFAULT TRACE;
# 配置默认TRACE文件
configure default trace file '/home/dm_trace/trace.log';
# 配置默认TRACE级别
configure default trace level 2;
# 同时配置trace文件和trace级别
configure default trace file '/home/dm_trace/trace.log' trace level 2;

4.备份命令

# 备份数据库，因为数据库已关闭，需要指定dm.ini
backup database '/opt/dm8/data/ECARD/dm.ini';
backup database '/dm8/data/ECARD/dm.ini' backupset '/dm8/backup/FULLBAK03'
# 备份归档
backup archive log database '/opt/dm8/data/ECARD/dm.ini';

5.备份集的维护命令

# 查看
show backupset '/home/dm_bak/DB_ECARD_FULL_20220726_153458_577896';
show backupsets with backupdir '/home/dm_bak1','/home/dm_bak2';
# 校验
check backupset '/home/dm_bak/DB_ECARD_FULL_20220726_153458_577896';
check backupset 'db_bak_for_check_02' database '/opt/dmdbms/data/ECARD/dm.ini'
# 删除备份集
remove backupset '/home/dm_bak/dm_bak_for_remove_01';
remove backupset 'db_bak_for_remove_01' database '/opt/dmdbms/data/ECARD/dm.ini';

3.2.2 dmrman备份

1.关闭数据库

--不关闭数据库，使用dmrman备份时会报[-8216]:归档日志不完整
SQL> shudown immediate;

2.查看数据库状态

[dmdba@dmserver ~]$ DmServiceECARD status

3.dmrman备份数据库

#需关闭数据库，DMAP服务器启动
RMAN> backup database '/home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/ECARD/dm.ini';
backup database '/home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/ECARD/dm.ini';
Global parameter value of DSC_TRX_VIEW_SYNC is illegal, use max value!
Database mode = 0, oguid = 0
Normal of FAST
Normal of DEFAULT
Normal of RECYCLE
Normal of KEEP
Normal of ROLL
EP[0]'s cur_lsn[465979], file_lsn[465979]
Processing backupset /home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/ECARD/bak/DB_ECARD_FULL_20220726_153458_577896
[Percent:100.00%][Speed:0.00M/s][Cost:00:00:02][Remaining:00:00:00]                                 
backup successfully!
time used: 00:00:03.838

4.dmrman备份归档

RMAN> backup archive log database '/home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/ECARD/dm.ini';
backup archive log database '/home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/ECARD/dm.ini';
Global parameter value of DSC_TRX_VIEW_SYNC is illegal, use max value!
Database mode = 0, oguid = 0
Normal of FAST
Normal of DEFAULT
Normal of RECYCLE
Normal of KEEP
Normal of ROLL
EP[0]'s cur_lsn[465979], file_lsn[465979]
Processing backupset /home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/ECARD/bak/ARCH_LOG_20220726_153739_163491
[Percent:100.00%][Speed:0.00M/s][Cost:00:00:02][Remaining:00:00:00]                                 
backup successfully!
time used: 00:00:03.839

5.查看备份信息

RMAN> show backupset '/home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/ECARD/bak/DB_ECARD_FULL_20220726_153458_577896';
show backupset '/home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/ECARD/bak/DB_ECARD_FULL_20220726_153458_577896';

<backupset [DEVICE TYPE:DISK, BACKUP_PATH: /home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/ECARD/bak/DB_ECARD_FULL_20220726_153458_577896] info start ..........>

<DB INFO>
system path:           /home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/ECARD
pmnt_magic:            2052031187
src_db_magic:          1379715536
db_magic:              1379715536
dsc node:              1
sys mode:              0
page check:            0
rlog encrypt:          0
rlog encrypt id:       0
external cipher[id/name]:  0/
external hash[id/name]:  0/
length in char:        0
use new hash:          1
page size:             32KB
extent size:           32
case sensitive:        1
log page size:         512B
unicode_flag/charset:  0
data version:          0x7000C
sys version:           V8
pseg version:          0x7000B
enable policy:         0
archive flag:          1
blank_pad_mode:        0
crc_check:             TRUE
page_enc_slice_size:   4096
char_fix_storage:      0
sql_log_forbid:        0
secur_flag:            2
db_enc_extend_size:    0
page_check_hash_size:  0
dpc_magic:             0

<META INFO>
backupset sig:         BA
backupset version:     0x400A
database name:         ECARD
backup name:           DB_FULL_20220726_153458_577896
backupset description: 
n_magic:               0x3001AD24
parent n_magic:        0xFFFFFFFF
meta file size :       119296
compressed level:      0
encrypt type:          0
parallel num:          1
backup range:          database
mpp_timestamp:         1658820898
with_huge:             FALSE
backupset_type:        NORMAL
mpp_flag:              FALSE
backup level:          offline
backup type:           full
without log:           FALSE
end_lsn:               465979
max_trxid:             439068
base begin_lsn:        -1
base end_lsn:          -1
base n_magic:          0xFFFFFFFF
base name:             
base backupset:        
backup time:           2022-07-26 15:35:02
min exec ver:          0x08010227
min dct ver:           4
pkg size:              0x04000000
bak_magic:             0
l_term_id:             0
term_id:               0
c_seqno:               379506
c_lsn:                 465979

<EP INFO>
EP[0]:
begin_pkg_seq:         379506
begin_lsn:             465979
end_pkg_seq:           379506
end_lsn:               465979

<FILE INFO>
backupset directory: /home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/ECARD/bak/DB_ECARD_FULL_20220726_153458_577896
backupset name:        DB_ECARD_FULL_20220726_153458_577896
backup data file num:  11
backup piece num:      1
backup huge file num:  0

<backup_piece_list>
$file_seq |$size(KB) |$pos_desc                                               |$content_type
0         |23306     |DB_ECARD_FULL_20220726_153458_577896.bak                |DATA      

<data_file_list>
$file_seq |$group_id |$group_name     |$file_id  |$file_path                       |$mirror_path                     |$file_len           |$copy_num |$size_flag
1         |0         |SYSTEM          |0         |/home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/ECARD/SYSTEM.DBF|                                 |192937984           |0         |0         
2         |1         |ROLL            |0         |/home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/ECARD/ROLL.DBF|                                 |232783872           |0         |0         
3         |4         |MAIN            |0         |/home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/ECARD/MAIN.DBF|                                 |134217728           |0         |0         
4         |5         |DMHR            |0         |/home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/ECARD/DMHR.DBF|                                 |134217728           |0         |0         
5         |6         |V8_TABLESPACE   |0         |/home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/ECARD/V8_TABLESPACE.dbf|                                 |209715200           |0         |0         
6         |7         |OPENPLARTFORM_DATA|0         |/home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/ECARD/OPENPLARTFORM_DATA.dbf|                                 |209715200           |0         |0         
7         |8         |CHANNEL_DATA    |0         |/home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/ECARD/CHANNEL_DATA_01.dbf|                                 |209715200           |0         |0         
8         |8         |CHANNEL_DATA    |1         |/home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/ECARD/CHANNEL_DATA_02.dbf|                                 |209715200           |0         |0         
9         |8         |CHANNEL_DATA    |2         |/home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/ECARD/CHANNEL_DATA_03.dbf|                                 |209715200           |0         |0         
10        |8         |CHANNEL_DATA    |3         |/home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/ECARD/CHANNEL_DATA_04.dbf|                                 |209715200           |0         |0         
11        |8         |CHANNEL_DATA    |4         |/home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/ECARD/CHANNEL_DATA_05.dbf|                                 |209715200           |0         |0         

<arch_file_list>
$file_seq |$dsc_seq |$file_path                       |$file_len           |$begin_seqno        |$begin_lsn          |$end_seqno          |$end_lsn            

<huge_file_list>
$group_id |$schema_id|$table_id |$column_id|$file_id  |$file_len |$path

<backupset [DEVICE TYPE:DISK, BACKUP_PATH: /home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/ECARD/bak/DB_ECARD_FULL_20220726_153458_577896] info end .>
show backupsets successfully.
time used: 29.842(ms)
RMAN> show backupset '/home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/ECARD/bak/ARCH_LOG_20220726_153739_163491';
show backupset '/home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/ECARD/bak/ARCH_LOG_20220726_153739_163491';

<backupset [DEVICE TYPE:DISK, BACKUP_PATH: /home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/ECARD/bak/ARCH_LOG_20220726_153739_163491] info start ..........>

<DB INFO>
system path:           /home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/ECARD
pmnt_magic:            2052031187
src_db_magic:          1379715536
db_magic:              1379715536
dsc node:              1
sys mode:              0
page check:            0
rlog encrypt:          0
rlog encrypt id:       0
external cipher[id/name]:  0/
external hash[id/name]:  0/
length in char:        0
use new hash:          1
page size:             32KB
extent size:           32
case sensitive:        1
log page size:         512B
unicode_flag/charset:  0
data version:          0x7000C
sys version:           V8
pseg version:          0x7000B
enable policy:         0
archive flag:          1
blank_pad_mode:        0
crc_check:             TRUE
page_enc_slice_size:   4096
char_fix_storage:      0
sql_log_forbid:        0
secur_flag:            2
db_enc_extend_size:    0
page_check_hash_size:  0
dpc_magic:             0

<META INFO>
backupset sig:         BA
backupset version:     0x400A
database name:         ECARD
backup name:           ARCH_LOG_20220726_153739_163491
backupset description: 
n_magic:               0x472644A4
parent n_magic:        0xFFFFFFFF
meta file size :       102912
compressed level:      0
encrypt type:          0
parallel num:          1
backup range:          archivelog
mpp_timestamp:         1658821058
arch start lsn:        265409
arch end lsn:          465979
backup level:          offline
backup type:           archive
without log:           FALSE
end_lsn:               465979
max_trxid:             439068
base begin_lsn:        -1
base end_lsn:          -1
base n_magic:          0xFFFFFFFF
base name:             
base backupset:        
backup time:           2022-07-26 15:37:42
min exec ver:          0x08010227
min dct ver:           4
pkg size:              0x04000000
bak_magic:             0
l_term_id:             0
term_id:               0
c_seqno:               379506
c_lsn:                 465979

<EP INFO>
EP[0]:
begin_pkg_seq:         379506
begin_lsn:             465979
end_pkg_seq:           379506
end_lsn:               465979

<FILE INFO>
backupset directory: /home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/ECARD/bak/ARCH_LOG_20220726_153739_163491
backupset name:        ARCH_LOG_20220726_153739_163491
backup data file num:  8
backup piece num:      1
backup huge file num:  0

<backup_piece_list>
$file_seq |$size(KB) |$pos_desc                                               |$content_type
0         |88605     |ARCH_LOG_20220726_153739_163491.bak                     |LOG       

<data_file_list>
$file_seq |$group_id |$group_name     |$file_id  |$file_path                       |$mirror_path                     |$file_len           |$copy_num |$size_flag

<arch_file_list>
$file_seq |$dsc_seq |$file_path                       |$file_len           |$begin_seqno        |$begin_lsn          |$end_seqno          |$end_lsn            
1         |0        |/home/dmdba/dmdbms/arc/ARCHIVE_LOCAL1_0x523CC9D0_EP0_2022-07-20_17-35-31.log|660480              |209462              |265409              |209559              |270417              
2         |0        |/home/dmdba/dmdbms/arc/ARCHIVE_LOCAL1_0x523CC9D0_EP0_2022-07-20_17-40-16.log|10240               |209560              |270417              |209565              |270422              
3         |0        |/home/dmdba/dmdbms/arc/ARCHIVE_LOCAL1_0x523CC9D0_EP0_2022-07-20_17-40-31.log|8305664             |209566              |270423              |225663              |286806              
4         |0        |/home/dmdba/dmdbms/arc/ARCHIVE_LOCAL1_0x523CC9D0_EP0_2022-07-21_07-05-07.log|1788416             |225664              |286807              |227939              |294147              
5         |0        |/home/dmdba/dmdbms/arc/ARCHIVE_LOCAL1_0x523CC9D0_EP0_2022-07-21_08-59-37.log|610816              |227940              |294148              |227990              |299262              
6         |0        |/home/dmdba/dmdbms/arc/ARCHIVE_LOCAL1_0x523CC9D0_EP0_2022-07-21_09-14-45.log|601600              |227991              |299263              |228032              |304369              
7         |0        |/home/dmdba/dmdbms/arc/ARCHIVE_LOCAL1_0x523CC9D0_EP0_2022-07-21_09-16-51.log|568320              |228033              |304370              |228042              |309443              
8         |0        |/home/dmdba/dmdbms/arc/ARCHIVE_LOCAL1_0x523CC9D0_EP0_2022-07-21_09-18-23.log|78172672            |228043              |309444              |379506              |465979              

<huge_file_list>
$group_id |$schema_id|$table_id |$column_id|$file_id  |$file_len |$path

<backupset [DEVICE TYPE:DISK, BACKUP_PATH: /home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/ECARD/bak/ARCH_LOG_20220726_153739_163491] info end .>
show backupsets successfully.
time used: 26.384(ms)

5.启动数据库

[dmdba@dmserver ~]$ DmServiceECARD start

3.3 console工具图形化备份

使用console图形化工具进行备份，备份时需要指定备份存放目录，后台调用dmrman进行备份，数据库需要关闭，开启DMAP服务。

#dfs_ini不要选，集群环境才需要选，否则会报非法的INI配置参数
console->备份还原->新建备份

4.DM数据库恢复

数据库恢复使用console（脱机备份工具）或drman进行恢复。库级、表空间的还原和恢复不支持联机恢复，只支持脱机还原恢复（需要把数据库关闭）。

4.1 通过dmrman进行恢复

4.1.1 表空间的还原和恢复

1.删除TBS1表空间的数据文件

[root@dmserver ECARD]# pwd
/dm8/dmdbms/data/ECARD
[root@dmserver ECARD]# rm -f TBS1*.DBF

2.关闭数据库

SQL> shutdown immediate;

3.查看备份集信息

RMAN> show backupset '/dm8/dmdbms/data/ECARD/bak/TS_TBS1_FULL_20221116_130900_918910';

4.还原表空间文件

RMAN> restore database '/dm8/dmdbms/data/ECARD/dm.ini' tablespace tbs1 from backupset '/dm8/dmdbms/data/ECARD/bak/TS_TBS1_FULL_20221116_130900_918910';

5.恢复表空间

--表空间的恢复系统会自动利用归档恢复到最新状态
RMAN> recover database '/dm8/dmdbms/data/ECARD/dm.ini' tablespace tbs1;

6.启动数据库

[dmdba@dmserver ECARD]$ DmServiceECARD start
Starting DmServiceECARD:                                   [ OK ]

4.1.2 数据库的还原和恢复

1.删除system表空间文件，system表空间的恢复需要采用库级恢复

[root@dmserver ECARD]# pwd
/dm8/dmdbms/data/ECARD
[root@dmserver ECARD]# rm SYSTEM.DBF

2.关闭数据库

SQL> shutdown immediate;

3.查看备份集信息

RMAN> show backupset '/dm8/dmdbms/backup/full/FULLBAK11161343';

4.还原数据库

restore database '/dm8/dmdbms/data/ECARD/dm.ini' from backupset '/dm8/dmdbms/backup/full/FULLBAK11161343';

5.恢复数据库

--可以基于备份集或者归档来恢复
recover database '/dm8/dmdbms/data/ECARD/dm.ini' with archivedir '/dm8/dmdbms/arch'

6.更新数据库魔数db_magic

recover database '/dm8/dmdbms/data/ECARD/dm.ini' update db_magic;

4.1.3 不完全恢复

表误删除（DROP），可以指定归档恢复到删除的前一刻。

recover database '/dm8/data/DMTEST/dm.ini' with archivedir '/dm8/arch' until lsn XX;
recover database '/dm8/data/DMTEST/dm.ini' with archivedir '/dm8/arch' until time XX;

4.2 通过console工具图形化恢复

库级别恢复，恢复类型采用指定归档恢复，添加归档日志目录，恢复完成以后，要更新数据库魔数，否则数据库无法启动。

console->备份还原->通过配置添加搜索目录->获取备份->选择备份->点击还原->根据恢复级别，选择库还原、归档还原、表空间还原->恢复->如果是数据库恢复的话，要点击更新Magic